Clinical References on Guava (Psidium guajava)
Ponce-Macotela M, et al. [In vitro effect against Giardia of 14 plant extracts] ev Invest Clin, 1994 Sep-Oct
(Abstract Available)
Suthienkul O, et al. Retroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity in Thai herbs and spices: screening with Moloney murine leukemia viral enzyme. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1993 Dec
(Abstract Available)
Morales MA, et al. Calcium-antagonist effect of quercetin and its relation with the spasmolytic properties of Psidium guajava L. Arch Med Res, 1994 Spring
(Abstract Available)
Lozoya X, et al. Quercetin glycosides in Psidium guajava L. leaves and determination of a spasmolytic principle. Arch Med Res, 1994 Spring
(Abstract Available)
Grover IS, et al. Studies on antimutagenic effects of guava (Psidium guajava) in Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat Res, 1993 Jun
(Abstract Available)
Cáceres A, et al. Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 3. Confirmation of activity against enterobacteria of 16 plants. J Ethnopharmacol, 1993 Jan
(Abstract Available)
Lutterodt GD. Inhibition of Microlax-induced experimental diarrhoea with narcotic-like extracts of Psidium guajava leaf in rats.(J Ethnopharmacol, 1992 Sep
(Abstract Available)
Lozoya X, et al. [Model of intraluminal perfusion of the guinea pig ileum in vitro in the study of the antidiarrheal properties of the guava (Psidium guajava)] Arch Invest Med (Mex), 1990 Apr-Jun
(Abstract Available)
Caceres A, et al. Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. Screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria. J Ethnopharmacol, 1990 Aug
(Abstract Available)
Lutterodt GD. Inhibition of gastrointestinal release of acetylcholine by quercetin as a possible mode of action of Psidium guajava leaf extracts in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease. J Ethnopharmacol, 1989 May
(Abstract Available)
Lutterodt GD, et al. Effects on mice locomotor activity of a narcotic-like principle from Psidium guajava leaves. J Ethnopharmacol, 1988 Dec
(Abstract Available)
Le Grand A. [Anti-infective phytotherapies of the tree-savannah, Senegal (occidental Africa). III: A review of phytochemical substances and the antimicrobial activity of 43 species] J Ethnopharmacol, 1989 May
(Abstract Available)
Ballot D, et al. The effects of fruit juices and fruits on the absorption of iron from a rice meal. Br J Nutr, 1987 May
Idstein H, et al. [Volatile acids in tropical fruits: cherimoya (Annona cherimolia, Mill.), guava (psidium guajava, L.), mango (Mangifera indica, L., var. Alphonso), papaya (Carica papaya, L.)] Z Lebensm Unters Forsch, 1985 May
Cheng JT, et al. Hypoglycemic effect of guava juice in mice and human subjects. Am J Chin Med, 1983
Opute FI. The component fatty acids of Psidium guajava seed fats. J Sci Food Agric, 1978 Aug
Roman-Ramos R, et al. Anti-hyperglycemic effect of some edible plants. J Ethnopharmacol, 1995 Aug 11
[Anti-infective phytotherapies of the tree-savannah, Senegal (occidental Africa). III: A review of phytochemical substances and the antimicrobial activity of 43 species]
Le Grand A
Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Leyden, The Netherlands.
J Ethnopharmacol, 25: 3, 1989 May, 315-38
A review has been made of the ethnobotanical and pharmacological data of 43 medicinal plants of the tree-savannah used by the Diola against infectious diseases. The traditional use of ten plants can be explained by pharmacologically active principles: Adansonia digitata, Azadirachta indica, Carica papaya, Cassia tora, Fagara leprieurii, Guiera senegalensis, Khaya senegalensis, Mangifera indica, Psidium guajava and Voacanga africana. Four of these herbs are recommended for use in Primary Health Care. The therapeutic value of the other plants discussed is not absolutely clear. It is, however, obvious that herbal medicine has a large potential, which is still insufficiently explored, for utilization in Primary Health Care.
Effects on mice locomotor activity of a narcotic-like principle from Psidium guajava leaves.
Lutterodt GD; Maleque A
J Ethnopharmacol, 24: 2-3, 1988 Dec, 219-31
Studies were carried out on the suppression of both exploratory and spontaneous locomotor activities in the mouse by a non-polar fraction from a methanol extract of the dried leaves of Psidium guajava. Shortly after intraperitoneal administration of this fraction, typical narcotic-like effects were observed, including catalepsy, analgesia, Straub tail, shallow respiratory movements and exophthalmos. The dose for 90% suppression of exploratory activity was between 3.3 and 6.6 mg/kg intraperitoneally and the onset of action was 6-8 min. The duration of activity was dose-dependent and, for a dose of 13.2 mg/kg given intraperitoneally, it was found to be more than 6 h. Qualitatively similar results on exploratory activity were obtained when the extract was administered orally. Doses of 3.3-6.6 mg/kg i.p. depressed spontaneous locomotor activity and tunnel running was curtailed. Higher doses abolished the spontaneous locomotor reflex action. A flavonoid compound or compounds appear to account for the activity seen.
Inhibition of gastrointestinal release of acetylcholine by quercetin as a possible mode of action of Psidium guajava leaf extracts in the treatment of acute diarrhoeal disease.
Lutterodt GD
J Ethnopharmacol, 25: 3, 1989 May, 235-47
The electrically stimulated guinea-pig ileum and spontaneously contracting guinea-pig ileum preparations were employed in studies on the effects of an alcoholic extract and two flavonoid compounds, quercetin and quercetin-3-arabinoside, extracted from the leaves of Psidium guajava. The extract showed a morphine-like inhibition of acetylcholine release in the coaxially stimulated ileum, together with an initial increase in muscular tone, followed by a gradual decrease. The morphine-like inhibition was found to be due to quercetin, starting at concentrations of 1.6 micrograms/ml. The glycoside did not show any such action at concentrations of up to 1.28 mg/ml. The extract inhibited spontaneous contractions in the unstimulated ileum with a concentration-response relationship.
Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. Screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria.
Caceres A; Cano O; Samayoa B; Aguilar L
Center for Mesoamerican Studies on Appropriate Technology, Guatemala.
J Ethnopharmacol, 30: 1, 1990 Aug, 55-73
Gastrointestinal disorders are important causes of morbidity in developing countries. Natural healing is the traditional way of treating these diseases in Guatemala. Ethnobotanical surveys and literature reviews showed that 385 plants from 95 families are used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The activity of 84 of the most commonly used plants was screened in vitro against five enterobacteria pathogenic to man (enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella flexneri). Results indicate that 34 (40.48%) plants inhibit one or more of the enterobacteria tested. The most commonly inhibited bacterium was S. typhi (33.73%) and the most resistant was E. coli (7.35%). The plants of American origin which exhibited the best antibacterial activity were: Byrsonima crassifolia, Diphysa robinioides, Gnaphalium stramineum, Guazuma ulmifolia, Psidium guajava, Sambucus mexicana, Simarouba glauca, Smilax lundelii, Spondias purpurea and Tagetes lucida. These results indicate a scientific basis for use of these medicinal plants for attacking enterobacterial infections in man.
[Model of intraluminal perfusion of the guinea pig ileum in vitro in the study of the antidiarrheal properties of the guava (Psidium guajava)]
Lozoya X; Becerril G; Martínez M
Arch Invest Med (Mex), 21: 2, 1990 Apr-Jun, 155-62
An experimental in vitro model was developed for the study of plant extracts reported by traditional medicines in the treatment of diarrhea. The guinea-pig isolated ileum is perfused with the plant extract using an intraluminal approach. The peristaltic reflex is induced by electrical stimulation while the plant extract is perfused. The spasmolytic effects of Psidium guajava leaf methanol, hexane and water extracts were demonstrated suggesting the existence of two different types of active components. The results obtained allow to propose this in vitro method as a useful model to reproduce some of the characteristics of the oral way of administration of plant extracts.
Inhibition of Microlax-induced experimental diarrhoea with narcotic-like extracts of Psidium guajava leaf in rats.
Lutterodt GD
J Ethnopharmacol, 37: 2, 1992 Sep, 151-7
Measurement of rates of propulsion in the small intestine in control and experimental groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were carried out as a means of assessing antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous extracts of the leaf of Psidium guajava (L.), using morphine as the standard drug of reference. Hyperpropulsion (diarrhoea) was induced by gavaging rats in a control group with Microlax, using phenol red mixed into it as a marker in the intestine, and the mean rate of the hyperpropulsion was determined. The normal rate of propulsion, defined as the percentage of the length of the ileum traversed by the front of the dye in 1 h after gavaging animals with a liquid paraffin-phenol red meal, was also determined in another control group. In experimental groups pretreated with enteral administration of either morphine or aqueous extracts, 1 h before the challenge with Microlax, the percentage inhibition to the hyperpropulsive rate (antidiarrhoeal activity) was calculated. Both morphine and the extracts produced a dose-response relationship in their antidiarrhoeal effects. A dose of 0.2 ml/kg fresh leaf extract produced 65% inhibition of propulsion. This dose is equiactive with 0.2 mg/kg of morphine sulphate. The antidiarrhoeal action of the extract may be due, in part, to the inhibition of the increased watery secretions that occur commonly in all acute diarrhoeal diseases and cholera.
Plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 3. Confirmation of activity against enterobacteria of 16 plants.
Cáceres A; Fletes L; Aguilar L; Ramirez O; Figueroa L; Taracena AM; Samayoa B
J Ethnopharmacol, 38: 1, 1993 Jan, 31-8
Ethnobotanical surveys and literature review identified 408 plants used in Guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The screening of 84 showed that 34 inhibit one or more enterobacteria; 16 of these were selected for further investigation. Extracts were obtained with three solvents of different polarity (n-hexane, acetone and alcohol) and the in vitro activity was demonstrated against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis and Shigella flexneri. The activity of nine ethanolic extracts against enterobacteria, particularly Acalypha guatemalensis, Diphysa robinioides, Lippia dulcis, Psidium guajava and Spondias purpurea was confirmed. The plants with antibacterial activity are discussed.
Studies on antimutagenic effects of guava (Psidium guajava) in Salmonella typhimurium.
Grover IS; Bala S
Mutat Res, 300: 1, 1993 Jun, 1-3
The water and chloroform extracts of guava were tested for their antimutagenicity. The water extract was effective in inactivating the mutagenicity of direct-acting mutagens, e.g., 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine, sodium azide, and the S9-dependent mutagen, 2-aminofluorene, in the tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium. The chloroform extract was inactive. Autoclaving of the water extract for 15 min did not reduced its activity appreciably. The enhanced inhibitory activity of the extracts on pre-incubation suggests the possibility of desmutagens in the extracts. Besides ascorbic acid and citric acid, the major constituents of the extracts, the role of other antimutagenic factors in the extracts cannot be ruled out.
Quercetin glycosides in Psidium guajava L. leaves and determination of a spasmolytic principle.
Lozoya X; Meckes M; Abou-Zaid M; Tortoriello J; Nozzolillo C; Arnason JT
Arch Med Res, 25: 1, 1994 Spring, 11-5
The traditional herbal remedy from Psidium guajava leaves has been medically proposed in Mexico as effective treatment of acute diarrhea. A methanolic leaf extract was subjected to a bioassay-guided isolation of spasmolytic constituents. Six fractions were separated on a polyvinylpolypyrrolidine (PVPP) column using a water methanol-gradient. The fraction containing flavonols inhibited peristalsis of guinea pig ileum in vitro. A trace of quercetin aglycone together with five glycosides was isolated from this active fraction and identified as quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinoside (guajavarin); quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside (isoquercetin); quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside (hyperin); quercetin 3-O-beta-L-rhamnoside (quercitrin) and quercetin 3-O-gentobioside. Biological activity of each pure compound was studied in the same bioassay. Obtained results suggest that the spasmolytic activity of the Psidium guajava leaf remedy is mainly due to the aglycone quercetin, present in the leaf and in the extract mainly in the form of five flavonols, and whose effect is produced when these products are hydrolyzed by gastrointestinal fluid.
Calcium-antagonist effect of quercetin and its relation with the spasmolytic properties of Psidium guajava L.
Morales MA; Tortoriello J; Meckes M; Paz D; Lozoya X
Arch Med Res, 25: 1, 1994 Spring, 17-21
The antidiarrheal properties of water and methanolic extracts of Psidium guajava leaves have been demonstrated with anteriority and their spasmolytic effect was attributed to quercetin, a flavonoid contained in this plant. The present paper reports the intestinal smooth muscle relaxation produced by quercetin on isolated guinea pig ileum previously contracted by a depolarizing KCl solution. Quercetin also inhibited intestinal contraction induced by different concentrations of calcium, shifting the contraction curve to the right showing a clear calcium-antagonistic effect. Quercetin effect on ileal and aortic smooth muscles are compared, the ileum being more sensitive to this flavonoid. The calcium-antagonist property of quercetin is discussed and also its contribution to explain the spasmolytic effect of this popular herbal remedy.
Retroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity in Thai herbs and spices: screening with Moloney murine leukemia viral enzyme.
Suthienkul O; Miyazaki O; Chulasiri M; Kositanont U; Oishi K
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 24: 4, 1993 Dec, 751-5
Fifty-seven Thai herbs and spices were examined for their retroviral reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity. All herbs and spices were extracted with hot-water and methanol. Reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity of the extracts was determined by using Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus reverse transcriptase (M-MuLV-RT) reacted with 3H-dTTP and radioactivity measured with a scintillation counter. Eighty-one per cent (46/57) of hot-water extracts and 54% (31/57) of methanol extracts showed inhibitory activities. At a concentration of 125 micrograms/ml, 13% (6/46) of hot-water extracts, namely Eugenia caryophyllus Bullock et Harrison, Phyllanthus urinaria Linn., Terminalia belerica Roxb., Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., Psidium guajava Linn. and Lawsonia inermis Linn., had a relative inhibitory ratio (IR) over 50%. They showed ratios of 100%, 91%, 75%, 74%, 61% and 60%, respectively. For methanol extracts, only 10% (3/31) had IR values over 50%. They were T. belerica, E. caryophyllus and N. nucifera which exhibited IR values of 83%, 54% and 54%, respectively.
[In vitro effect against Giardia of 14 plant extracts]
Ponce-Macotela M; Navarro-Alegría I; Martínez-Gordillo MN; Alvarez-Chacón R
Rev Invest Clin, 46: 5, 1994 Sep-Oct, 343-7
OBJECTIVE. To investigate antigiardiasic activity in plants used in Mexico as antidiarrheics and/or antiparasitics. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Fourteen species were evaluated. The antigiardiasic activity was measured in vitro in a blinded fashion using trophozoites of Giardia duodenalis incubated with plant extracts. The viability of trophozoites was ascertained using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il]-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) which is reduced to MTT-formazan by the activity of live trophozoites. The reduced MTT was extracted with an acidified alcohol (2-propanol with HCI 0.04 M) and measured in a spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Negative (trophozoites without extract) and positive controls (incubated with tinadazol) were included. RESULTS. The scientific and trivial names of the plants are given (trivials in Spanish marked by an asterisk). They had the following trophozoite mortality (mean +/- SD in percent): Justicia spicigera (muicle*) = 91 +/- 0.5; Lipia beriandieri (oregano) = 90 +/- 0.6; Psidium guajava (guava) = 87 +/- 1.0; positive control of tinidazol = 79 +/- 1.9; Punica granutus (granado*) = 78 +/- 1.3; Magnifera indica (mango) = 77 +/- 1.0; Plantago major (lante*) = 76 +/- 1.2; Cupressus semperbirens (cipres) = 73 +/- 1.2; Castella tormentosa (chaparro amargoso*) = 70 +/- 0.7; Hematoxilon campechanum (palo de Campeche*) = 67 +/- 1.2. Without or with a low mean activity were Prosopis juliflora (mesquite*) and Rizophora mangle (mangle*) with 0%, Oriza sativa (rice) with 5%, Capsicum annum (pimiento*) with 21% and Persea americana (avocado) with 23%. There were no associations of the antigiardiasic effect with concentration or osmolality of the extracts. CONCLUSIONS. A clear in vitro antigiardiasic effects was seen in nine species. Three of them were superior to tinidazol which is a drug of common use in the treatment of giardiasis.
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