Clinical References on Guacatonga (Casearia silvestris)
Jaffré T, et al. Nickel uptake by Flacourtiaceae of New Caledonia. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 1979 Aug 31
(Abstract Available)
Weniger B, et al. Plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents. J Ethnopharmacol, 1982 Jul
(Abstract Available)
Basile AC, et al. Pharmacological assay of Casearia sylvestris. I: Preventive anti-ulcer activity and toxicity of the leaf crude extract. J Ethnopharmacol, 1990 Sep
(Abstract Available)
Itokawa H, et al. New antitumor principles, casearins A-F, for Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1990 Dec
(Abstract Available)
Morita H, et al. Structures and cytotoxic activity relationship of casearins, new clerodane diterpenes from Casearia sylvestris Sw. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1991 March
(Abstract Available)
Ruppelt BM, et al. Pharmacological screening of plants recommended by folk medicine as anti-snake venom--I. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 1991
(Abstract Available)
Itokawa H, et al. Antitumor principles from Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae), structure elucidation of new clerodane diterpenes by 2-D NMR spectroscopy. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 1988 Apr
Choudhury KD, et al. Phytochemical and hypoglycemic investigation of Casearia esculenta. J Pharm Sci, 1967 Nov
Gupta SS, et al. Studies on the anti-diabetic effects of Casearia esculenta. Indian J Med Res, 1967 Jul
Nickel uptake by Flacourtiaceae of New Caledonia.
Jaffré T; Kersten W; Brooks RR; Reeves RD
Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 205: 1160, 1979 Aug 31, 385-94
Herbarium and field specimens (over 300) of all of the Flacourtiaceae of New Caledonia were analysed for nickel in order to identify hyperaccumulators (greater than 1000 microgram/g dry mass) and to assess nickel accumulation in relation to the evolutionary status of 'nickel plants' of New Caledonia. One hyperaccumulator was identified in the genus Lasiochlamys, ten among Xylosoma, one among Casearia and seven among Homalium. Although these Homalium nickel plants had previously been recorded, fresh data for these and other Homalium are presented. The remarkable tolerance of Flacourticeae to ultrabasic rocks is shown by the fact that 75% of the species are found on such substrates. The number of hyperaccumulators was greatest in the genera Xylosoma and Homalium. The Flacourtiaceae are among the most primitive of all angiosperms and in common with other primitive hyperaccumulators, contain nickel as a complex with citric acid. The only advanced New Caledonian nickel plant (Psychotria douarrei) has most of its nickel bound with ligands other than citric acid, a feature of other advanced hyperaccumulators. It is postulated that nickel complexing with citric acid may be a primitive character. Most of the New Caledonian nickel plants belong to the order Violales of subclass Dilleniidae. It is suggested that hyperaccumulation of nickel is an evolutionary character which occurs in long-indisturbed floras such as that of New Caledonia.
Plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents.
Weniger B; Haag-Berrurier M; Anton R
J Ethnopharmacol, 6: 1, 1982 Jul, 67-84
Abstract
Haitian empirical medicine sprang from both European (16th to 19th century) and African (especially voodoo) traditional therapies. The use of medicinal herbs is highly developed. Our purpose was to list the plants held to be antifertility agents in the island. We identified about twenty species more or less currently used by the women as abortifacients or emmenagogues. The chemistry and active components of a few species are well-known. However, for most of them, some were partially studied, and no relation could be established between their chemical composition and their potential activities, and the rest are chemically unknown. We chemically screened extracts of Casearia ilicifolia, Eleutherine bulbosa, Rhoeo spathacea and Stemodia durantifolia, and identified flavonoids, triterpenes and sterols in the leaves of C. ilicifolia, and naphthoquinones, and a new anthraquinone, anthracene-9,10-dione-1,5-diol-4-methoxy-3-methyl-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, in the bulbs of E, bulbosa. R. spathacea showed a stimulative activity on mouse uterus. Antifertility screening tests of C. ilicifolia and E. bulbosa showed activity in rats, but also probably toxicity.
Pharmacological assay of Casearia sylvestris. I: Preventive anti-ulcer activity and toxicity of the leaf crude extract.
Basile AC; Sertié JA; Panizza S; Oshiro TT; Azzolini CA
Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
J Ethnopharmacol, 30: 2, 1990 Sep, 185-97
Abstract
An ethanol extract of the leaves of Brazilian Casearia sylvestris, given orally, inhibited gastric secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. At a prophylactic dose of 57.5 mg/kg, the extract showed a reduction of gastric juice more effective than misoprostol (500 micrograms/kg). In reducing hydrochloric acid output, the extract was less effective than misoprostol, cimetidine (32.0 mg/kg) and atropine (5.3 mg/kg). With the extract, the pH of the stomach contents was not significantly different from that of controls. Stress-induced lesions produced by restraint and water immersion were significantly prevented by the extract for all levels of severity when compared with the controls. The extract appeared more effective than misoprostol in suppressing light lesions, was equivalent to cimetidine and misoprostol for moderate lesions, and less effective than cimetidine and misoprostol for severe lesions. Toxicological experiments indicated a low acute toxicity, confirmed by subchronic daily testing. The oral LD50 value of greater than 1840 mg/kg was over 32 times higher than the antiulcerogenic ED50 (57.5 mg/kg).
New antitumor principles, casearins A-F, for Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae).
Itokawa H; Totsuka N; Morita H; Takeya K; Iitaka Y; Schenkel EP; Motidome M
Department of Pharmacognosy, Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Japan.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 38: 12, 1990 Dec, 3384-8
Abstract
New antitumor clerodane diterpenes, named casearins A-F, have been isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae). These structures have been completely elucidated by two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, circular dichroism spectroscopy, X-ray analysis, and chemical evidences.
Structures and cytotoxic activity relationship of casearins, new clerodane diterpenes from Casearia sylvestris Sw.
Morita H; Nakayama M; Kojima H; Takeya K; Itokawa H; Schenkel EP; Motidome M
Department of Pharmacognosy, Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Japan.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 39: 3, 1991 Mar, 693-7
Abstract
Casearins G-R, new cytotoxic clerodane diterpenes have been isolated from the leaves of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae). Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical conversions, and their structure-activity relationships have been discussed.
Pharmacological screening of plants recommended by folk medicine as anti-snake venom--I. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities.
Ruppelt BM; Pereira EF; Gonçalves LC; Pereira NA
Departamento de Farmacologia, CCS-ICB, UFRJ, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 86 Suppl 2:1991, 203-5
Abstract
We have observed that several plants used popularly as anti-snake venom show anti-inflammatory activity. From the list prepared by Rizzini, Mors and Pereira some species have been selected and tested for analgesic activity (number of contortions) and anti-inflammatory activity (Evans blue dye diffusion--1% solution) according to Whittle's technique (intraperitoneal administration of 0.1 N-acetic acid 0.1 ml/10 g) in mice. Previous oral administration of a 10% infusion (dry plant) or 20% (fresh plant) corresponding to 1 or 2 g/kg of Apuleia leiocarpa, Casearia sylvestris, Brunfelsia uniflora, Chiococca brachiata,Cynara scolymus, Dorstenia brasiliensis, Elephantopus scaber, Marsypianthes chamaedrys, Mikania glomerata and Trianosperma tayuya demonstrated analgesic and/or anti-inflammatory activities of varied intensity.
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