Clinical References on Yerba Mate(Ilex paraguariensis)
Gosmann G, et al. Triterpenoid saponins from Ilex paraguariensis. J Nat Prod, 1995 Mar
(Abstract Available)
Gugliucci A, et al. Low density lipoprotein oxidation is inhibited by extracts of Ilex paraguariensis. Biochem Mol Biol Int, 1995 Jan
(Abstract Available)
Leitão AC, et al. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in prokaryotic organisms. Braz J Med Biol Res, 1994 Jul
(Abstract Available)
Tenorio Sanz MD, et al. [Mineral elements in mate herb (Ilex paraguariensis St. H.)] Arch Latinoam Nutr, 1991 Sep
(Abstract Available)
De Stefani E, et al. Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 1988
(Abstract Available)
De Stefani E, et al. Black tobacco, maté, and bladder cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay. Cancer, 1991 Jan 15
(Abstract Available)
Pintos J, et al. Maté, coffee, and tea consumption and risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in southern Brazil. Epidemiology, 1994 Nov
(Abstract Available)
Vassallo A, et al. Esophageal cancer in Uruguay: a case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst, 1985 Dec
Fossati C. [On the virtue and therapeutic properties of "yerba-mate" (Ilex paraguayensis or paraguariensis St. Hilaire 1838)] Clin Ter, 1976 Aug 15
Triterpenoid saponins from Ilex paraguariensis.
Gosmann G; Guillaume D; Taketa AT; Schenkel EP
Laboratoire de Chimie Thérapeutique, URA 1310 du CNRS, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Paris, France.
J Nat Prod, 58: 3, 1995 Mar, 438-41
Abstract
The leaves of Ilex paraguariensis have yielded three new saponins named matesaponins 2, 3, and 4 [1-3], which have been characterized by chemical and nmr methods as ursolic acid 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (1-->2)]]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-(28-->1)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester, ursolic acid 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-(28-- >1)- [beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester, and ursolic acid 3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-[alpha-L- rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)]]-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl]-(28-->1)-[beta -D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]ester, respectively.
Low density lipoprotein oxidation is inhibited by extracts of Ilex paraguariensis.
Gugliucci A; Stahl AJ
Département d'Immunologie, Immunopharmacologie et Pathologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Louis Pasteur, Illkirch, France.
Biochem Mol Biol Int, 35: 1, 1995 Jan, 47-56
Abstract
Some dietary polyphenolic substances have been shown to inhibit oxidation of LDL. "Mate" is a polyphenol-containing beverage, brewed from the dried and minced leaves of Ilex paraguariensis. In the present work we studied the effect of water and alcohol extracts of Ilex paraguariensis on the initiation and propagation of LDL copper or H2O2-induced autoxidation. Our data show that substances in water extracts of Ilex paraguariensis are capable of inhibiting the initiation and the propagation of LDL oxidation. They inhibit lipid peroxidation, monitored by diene conjugates and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, as well as protein modification as shown through direct measurement of free amino groups, electrophoretic mobility, and fluorescence. This inhibition is a concentration dependent effect that becomes already apparent at concentrations of extracts as low as 7.5 micrograms/ml. Inhibition is almost complete at 37.5 micrograms/ml. Alcohol extracts show similar effects though with less potency. The substances implicated in this antioxidant activity are largely nondializable. In terms of mass, water extracts of Ilex paraguariensis were more potent antioxidants than either ascorbic acid, or butylated hydroxytoluene.
Mutagenic and genotoxic effects of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) in prokaryotic organisms.
Leitão AC; Braga RS
Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res, 27: 7, 1994 Jul, 1517-25
1. The mutagenic and genotoxic effects of mate (Ilex paraguariensis) aqueous solutions were analyzed in bacterial cells. 2. Mate solutions showed mutagenic activity in the Ames test (TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains) at concentrations of 20 to 50 mg/plate (mutagenic factors of 3.5 to 5.6) and genotoxic activity in the inductest (WP2s (lambda) strain), with a maximal phage induction at concentrations of 10 to 20 mg/plate. Above these concentrations the mate solutions were cytotoxic. 3. Addition of 5 U/ml catalase, 20 microliters/ml S9 rat liver microsomal fraction, 100 mM thiourea or 10 mM dipyridyl completely inhibited the lysogenic induction produced by mate; however, the addition of 1,000 U/ml superoxide dismutase was almost ineffective. 4. Oxygen reactive species may be present in mate solutions playing an essential role in its genotoxicity.
[Mineral elements in mate herb (Ilex paraguariensis St. H.)]
Tenorio Sanz MD; Torija Isasa ME
Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, España.
Arch Latinoam Nutr, 41: 3, 1991 Sep, 441-54
Abstract
The importance of the research works on mate rests on the fact that this is greatly consumed in many South American countries. Our interest in this subject has increased because, in Europe, it use as an infusion seems to be increasing. The Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry techniques. Prior to this, samples were incinerated and dissolved in an acid mixture (HCl/HNO3). Results apparently show a high content of mineral elements, especially K. Mg and Mn, in mate, findings which we consider to be of great relevance.
Black tobacco, wine and mate in oropharyngeal cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay.
De Stefani E; Correa P; Oreggia F; Deneo-Pellegrini H; Fernandez G; Zavala D; Carzoglio J; Leiva J; Fontham E; Rivero S
Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Louisiana State University, New Orleans.
Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique, 36: 6, 1988, 389-94
Abstract
A case-control study of oral and pharyngeal cancer involving interviews with 108 cases and 286 controls was carried out in the University Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay. The study was restricted to males and cases afflicted with lip, salivary gland and nasopharyngeal cancer were excluded. Point estimates of RR associated with smoking variables, alcohol variables, nutritional items and ingestion of hot infusions of the herb Ilex paraguariensis ('Mate') were obtained by logistic regression analysis. Dark tobacco smokers showed a RR 3.4 times higher than light tobacco users and heavy drinkers of wine displayed an OR of 17.2. Mate exposure showed a significant dose-response, after adjustment for age, tobacco and alcohol intake, with a fivefold increase in risk for heavy consumers. Joint exposure to black tobacco and wine displayed very high risks and no significant interactions were observed. The results suggest that the high rates of oropharyngeal cancer could be explained by the multiplicative effect of black tobacco smoking, wine drinking and mate ingestion.
Black tobacco, maté, and bladder cancer. A case-control study from Uruguay.
De Stefani E; Correa P; Fierro L; Fontham E; Chen V; Zavala D
Department of Epidemiology, Instituto de Oncologia, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Cancer, 67: 2, 1991 Jan 15, 536-40
Abstract
A case-control study of bladder cancer involving interviews with 111 incident cases and 222 controls was carried out in Montevideo, Uruguay. The analysis was conducted separately for each sex. Point estimates of relative risk associated with smoking variables, ingestion of infusions of the herb Ilex paraguariensis (maté), and selected dietary items were obtained by stratified and logistic regression analysis. Among men, smokers of black tobacco showed a relative risk (RR) 2.7 higher than blond tobacco smokers and maté exposure showed a significant dose-response, after adjustment for age, residence, social class, hospital, type of tobacco, smoking intensity, smoking duration, and vegetable consumption, with a seven-fold increase in risk for heavy consumers. Joint exposure to type of tobacco and maté consumption showed a multiplicative effect. Women showed a similar increase in risk with maté consumption. The results suggest that the high mortality rates of bladder cancer observed in Uruguay could be explained by the combined effect of black tobacco smoking and maté ingestion.
Maté, coffee, and tea consumption and risk of cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract in southern Brazil.
Pintos J; Franco EL; Oliveira BV; Kowalski LP; Curado MP; Dewar R
Department of Epidemiology, Armand-Frappier Institute, Goiania, Brazil.
Epidemiology, 5: 6, 1994 Nov, 583-90
Abstract
Consumption of maté, a tea-like infusion of the herb Ilex paraguariensis, is common in South America. Drinkers have high risks of upper aerodigestive tract cancers, but it is conceivable that this high risk may be attributable to confounding by smoking alcohol, and other exposures. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the data from a case-control study of upper aerodigestive tract cancers conducted in Southern Brazil. We matched noncancer controls (N = 756) to cases (N = 378) on the basis of age, sex, and period of admission. We estimated the effect of mateé consumption by conditional logistic regression with adjustment for smoking, alcohol, sociodemographics, and several dietary items, considered as confounders. The unadjusted relative risk (RR) for all upper aerodigestive tract cancers was 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-2.7]. Some excess risk persisted after adjustment for potential confounders (RR = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.2-2.2). Most of the excess risk for maté drinkers was for oral (RR = 1.9; 95% CI = 1.1-3.3) and laryngeal (RR = 2.2; 95% CI = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.1-4.5) cancers. There was no evidence of associations with coffee and tea drinking. We conclude that the association of maté consumption with upper aerodigestive tract cancer risk is unlikely to result from insufficient control of confounding by critical exposures. Owing to its
high prevalence in Southern South America, maté drinking may be linked to as many as 20% of all cases occurring in this region.
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